Nachfolgend haben wir zu Ihrer Information zahlreiche Fundstellen aus der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zusammengestellt, die sich mit den möglichen Eigenschaften von Traubenkernextrakt / OPC auseinander setzen. Beachten Sie bitte, dass die darin getroffenen Aussagen und Ergebnisse nicht die gesicherte medizinische oder wissenschaftliche Erkenntnislage darstellen und wir für die einzeln beschriebenen Wirkungsweisen keine Gewähr übernehmen können. Wir empfehlen bei medizinischen Fragen bitte Ihren Arzt zu kontaktieren.

Allgemeiner einführender Artikel “Wein” und “Polyphenole/Proanthocyanidine”

“Why Red, Red Wine Is Good for Your Brain”, Effects of Grape Seed-derived Polyphenols on Amyloid β-Protein Self-assembly and Cytotoxicity, J. Biol. Chem.283 (20089 page 32176 – 32187 (https://www.jbc.org/content/283/47/e99966.full ).

Eine allgemeine Zusammenfassung des altuellen Kenntnisstandes zu Traubenkernextrakt (publiziert in 2020)

A review on potential properties and therapeutic applications of grape seed extract, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2020), 9(5), 2519-2540 (https://www.researchgate.net/publication /341134392_A_REVIEW_ON_POTENTIAL_PROPERTIES_AND_THERAPEUTIC_APPLICATIONS_OF_GRAPE_SEED_EXTRACT and ISSN 2277– 7105).

Studie zur Funktionalität von freien Radikalen und deren möglichen Einfluss auf die menschliche Gesundheit:

Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology 148 (2000) page 187-197 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0300483X00002109?via%3Dihub and DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00210-9 ).

Untersuchungen zum möglichen Einfluss auf Herz-Kreislauf (Herzinsuffizienz, Ateriosklerose):

a) Cardioprotective properties of grape seed proanthocyanidins: An update, Trends in Food Science & Technology (2016), 57(Part_A), 31-39 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924224415300959 and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.017).

b) Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract, Mutat. Res. 2003, 523 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12628506/ and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002751070200324X?via%3Dihub).

c) Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study, The Lancet 342 (1993) page 1007-1011 (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PII0140-6736(93)92876-U/fulltext and DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92876-U ).

d) The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 111 (2011) page 1173-1181 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21802563/ and DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.015).

e) Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin on Cardiovascular and Endothelial Parameters in High-Risk Subjects, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 5 (2004) 272-8. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15577189/ and DOI: 10.1155/S1110724304403088).

f) The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Cardiovascular Risk Markers, American Dietic Association 111, 8 (2011) 1173-1181 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002822311005876 and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.015).

Untersuchungen zum möglichen Einfluß auf Blutdruck:

a) Grape Polyphenols Reduce Blood Pressure and Increase Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in Men with Metabolic Syndrome, Journal of Nutrition, American Society for Nutrition 2012, page 1626-1632 (https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/142/9/1626/4630890 and https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.162743)

b) Effects of grape seed extract beverage on blood pressure and metabolic indices in individuals with pre-hypertension: a randomised, double-blinded, two-arm, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. Britisch Journal of Nutrition 28 (2016) page 226-238 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26568249/ and DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515004328).

c) Effect of polyphenol-rich grape seed extract on ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with pre- and stage I hypertension, Britisch Journal of Nutrition 110 (2013), page 2234-2241 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451300161X and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23702253/).

d) Grape seed proanthocyanidin inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via attenuating inflammation: in vivo and in vitro studies, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 67 (2019), 72-77 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955286318303917 and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.013).

e) Effect of grape seed extract on blood pressure in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 58 (2009) 1743-1746 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19608210/ and DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.030).

f) Composition facilitating lowering of blood pressure and dietary supplement, Patent WO 2020077747 (https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020077747 and https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/065427704/publication/WO2020077747A1?q=WO%202020077747).

g) Grape pomace: antioxidant activity, potential effect against hypertension and metabolites characterization after intake, Diseases (2018), 6(3), 60 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163875/ and doi: 10.3390/diseases6030060).

h) Grape seed proanthocyanidin inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via attenuating inflammation: in vivo and in vitro studies, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 67 (2019), 72-77 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955286318303917 and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.013).

i) Grape Seed Extract Supplementation Attenuates the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Prehypertensive Men, Journal of Medicinal Food 21 (2018), page 445-453 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29683391/ and DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0133).

Untersuchungen zum möglichen Einfluß bei Nierenleiden

a) Anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in preventing cyclosporine A-induced nephropathy Nephrology (Carlton) 17 (2012) 372-379 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22257215/ and DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01565.x). b) Grape seed powder improves renal failure of chronic kidney disease patients EXCLI J 27 (2016) 424-433 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27822171/ and DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-363). c) Daily Intake of Grape Powder Prevents the Progression of Kidney Disease in Obese Type 2 Diabetic ZSF1 Rats Nutrients 31 (2017) 345 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28362355/ and DOI: 10.3390/nu9040345). d) Kidney disease: Grape seed extract for reduction of renal disturbances following reperfusion in rats, Iran J Kidney Dis 7 (2013) 28-35 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23314139).

e) Effects of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavanols on Kidney Function, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Runners: A Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study Nutrients 12 (2020), page 1634 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32492913/ and DOI: 10.3390/nu1206163).

Untersuchungen zum möglichen Einfluß auf Fettleibigkeit:

Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Obesity, Obesity Facts 13 (2020), 279-291 (https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/502235).

Untersuchungen zum möglichen Einfluß auf Prostata Krebs Zellen:

a) Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin Complexes (OPC) Exert Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects on ProstateCancerCells, The Prostate 68 (2008), page 1647-1654 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pros.20829 and https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.20829).

b) Grape seed extract regulates androgen receptor-mediated transcription in prostate cancer cells through potent anti-histone acetyltransferase activity. J. Med. Food. 14 (2011) page 9–16 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21244239/ and DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1264).

Untersuchungen des möglichen Effektes von Polyphenolen aus Traubenkernextrakt bei Alzheimer:

a) Effects of grape seed-derived polyphenols on amyloid beta-protein self-assembly and cytotoxicity. Journal of Biolocical Chemistry 2008 Nov 21;283(47):32176-87 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815129/ and DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M806154200).

b) Oxidative stress and Alzheimer’s disease: dietary polyphenols as potential therapeutic agents, Expert Rev. Neurother 10 (2010) 729-745. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20420493/ and DOI: 10.1586/ern.10.42).

Untersuchungen zu den möglichen antiviralen Eigenschaften von Proanthocyanidinen (z.B. Herpes)

a) Antiviral and antioxidant activity of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins from Crataegus sinaica. Planta Medica. 68 (2002) page 539-541 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12094299/ and DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-32547).

b) Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids, Journal of Agric Food Chem 49 (2001) 2774. (DOI: 10.1021/jf001413m and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11409965/).

Untersuchungen zu den möglichen antibakteriellen Eigenschaften von Proanthocyanidinen

a) Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extracts. Food Res. Int. 36 2003 page 117–122 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0963996902001163 and https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(02)00116-3).

b) Compositions of antioxidants and oil for an antioxidant paste or liquid or frozen product, US patent 2015/0258032 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/054067753/publication/US2015258032A1?q=US2015%2F0258032 and https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150258032A1/en).

c) Polyphenols as antimicrobial agents, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 23 (2012) 174-181 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0958166911006756 and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.007).

Untersuchungen zu den möglichen Eigenschaften von Traubenkernextrakt bei Insulin Resistenzen

a) Effects of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on insulin resistance. J. Nutr. Biochem. 21 (2010) page 961–967 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19962298/ and DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.08.001).

b) Effects of grape seed extract in Type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity, Diabet. Med. 26 (2009) 526-531 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19646193/ and DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02727.x).

Untersuchungen zu den möglichen Eigenschaften von Traubenkernextrakt bei Fettstoffwechselstörungen (Cholesterin, Triclyceride)

a) Effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidaemia: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, Br. J. Nutrition 124 (2020), 121-134 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520000902)

b) Grape seed proanthocyanidins correct dyslipidemia associated with a high-fat diet in rats and repress genes controlling lipogenesis and VLDL assembling in liver. Int. J. Obes. 33 (2009) page 1007–1012 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19581912/ and DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.136).

Allgemeine Artikel über Polyphenole (Proanthocyanidine im Traubenkernextrakt (OPC) gehört zur Klasse der Polyphenole).

a) Food sources and bioavailability American Journal of Clinical Nutriton 79 (2004) 727– 47 (https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/79/5/727/4690182 and https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727). b) Polyphenol compositions for preventing or treating endothelial dysfunction, NUGERONTIX LTD International patent WO 2016/012806 (https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=EP199525433 and https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/051587253/publication/WO2016012806A1?q=WO%202016%2F012806). c) Effects of grape seed-derived polyphenols on amyloid beta-protein self-assembly and cytotoxicity. Journal of Biolocical Chemistry 283 (2008) page 32176-87.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815129/ and DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M806154200). d) Emulsion mit Oligomeren einer Flavan-3-ol-Verbindung, Henkel Patent EP 2 742 927 (https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/c5/f1/dd/dc16e84a4b6092/EP2742927A2.pdf). e) Polyphenols and Sunburn. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27618035/ and DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091521). f) Effects of grape seed-derived polyphenols on amyloid beta-protein self-assembly and cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem. 283 (2008) 32176-87 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583320/ and doi: 10.1074/jbc.M806154200). g) The Effect of Grape Products Containing Polyphenols on C-reactive protein Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Br J. Nutrition 2020, page 1-41 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520003591)

Untersuchungen zu den möglichen Eigenschaften von Traubenkernextrakt bei Plattenepithelkarzinome (Hautkarzinome) Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit the invasive potential of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting EGFR expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 11 (2011) 134 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258217/ and doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-134).

Untersuchungen durchgeführt an Mäusen zu den möglichen Eigenschaften von Traubenkernextrakt bei Darmerkrankung Dietary grape seed extract ameliorates symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in IL10-deficient mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 57 (2013), page 2253-2257 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23963706/ and DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300146).

Sonstiges/Gemischt:

a) Grape seed extract prevents skeletal muscle wasting in interleukin 10 knockout mice, BMC Complement Altern Med 20 (2014), 162 (DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-162 and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24884473/).

b) Effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidaemia: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, Br. J. Nutrition 124 (2020), 121-134 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520000902)

c) Grape seed flour is a viable ingredient to improve the nutritional profile and reduce lipid oxidation of frankfurters, Meat Science 88 (2011) page 179-183 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.12.022).

d) Toxicology evaluation of a procyanidin-rich extract from grape skins and seeds, Food and Chemical Toxicology 49 (2011) page 1450-1454 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.042)

e) Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract prevents bone loss via regulation of osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation, Nutrients (2020), 12(10), 3164 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33081167/ and DOI: 10.3390/nu12103164).

f) Grape seed extract alleviates radiation-induced damages in human blood lymphocytes, Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine (2020), 10(4), 398-406 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7430961/ and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32850296/).

g) Effect of grape seed extract solution on the microhardness of the root canal dentin: an in vitro study, International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics (2020), 12(Spec.Iss.2), 62-65 (https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijap/article/view/39177 and DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.PP-16).

h) Safety evaluation of excessive intake of the food containing olive and grape seed polyphenols in healthy adults: -a randoniized double-blind placebo-controlied study, Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2016), 44(11), 1655-1664.

i) Grape seed procyanidins suppress the apoptosis and senescence of chondrocytes and ameliorates osteoarthritis via the DPP4-Sirt1 pathway, Food & Function (2020) (https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/fo/d0fo01377c#!divAbstract and https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO01377C).

j) Medicinal composition (Pharmaceutical composition) containing Chinese medicine extract for treatment of hypertension, Chinese Patent Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2017), CN 107158205 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/059818547/publication/CN107158205A?q=CN%20107158205 and https://patents.google.com/patent/CN107158205A/en).

k) Anti-aging lozenges and preparation method/Chinese medicine anti-aging buccal tablet and preparation method thereof, Chinese Patent Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2016), CN 105497317 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/055705876/publication/CN105497317A?q=CN%20105497317 and https://patents.google.com/patent/CN105497317A/en).

l) Combined blood sugar-reduction formula/Chinese medicine-containing blood sugar-reducing formulation for combination therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications, Chinese Patent Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2012), CN 102743540 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/047024269/publication/CN102743540A?q=CN%20102743540 and https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102743540A/en).

m) Estimation of Dietary Sources and Flavonoid Intake in a Spanish Adult Population (EPIC-Spain), Journal of the American Dietetic Association 110 (2010), 390-398 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002822309019580 and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.11.024).

n) Concentrations of proanthocyanidins in common foods and estimations of normal consumption, J. Nutr. 134 (2004), page 613 (DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.3.613 and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14988456/).

o) Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities, food chemistry 89 (2005), 191-198 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881460400189X and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.025).

p) Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency, Biochemical Pharmacology 32 (1983) 1141. (DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(83)90262-9 and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6342623/).

q) Improvement of endothelial function with dietary flavanols is associated with mobilization of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with coronary artery disease, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56 (2010,) page 218-24. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20620742/ and DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.039).

r) Dietary proanthocyanidins: occurrence, dietary intake, bioavailability, and protection against cardiovascular disease, Mol Nutr Res 49 (2005) 159-174 (DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200400082 and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15635686/).

s) Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Prevents Bone Loss via Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Proliferation, Nutrients 12 (2020) 3164. (https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3164 and https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103164).